Prisons Research Group

The Prisons Research Group (PRG) brings staff and students together to critically examine prison issues and debates in the context of ambitions for reform, transformative rehabilitation and supported reintegration on release.

About us

The Prisons Research Group brings staff and students together to critically examine prison issues and intersecting justice system topics across policing and security, the criminal courts and sentencing, community-based penalties, probation and rehabilitation. Our research is underpinned by principles of social justice, fairness and inclusivity with considerations of how these relate to criminal justice processes, policy and practice.

The PRG is made up of staff conducting rigorous independent research that is empirically driven and grounded in theoretical thought. Research is conducted as funded and unfunded inquiry and as exploratory and evidence-based studies. The PRG's research ideas and design are interdisciplinary, and strengthened by the faculty subjects of criminology, sociology, law, psychology, social policy and social work and mental health practice at Middlesex University. We foster links with academics at other universities and colleagues working in the criminal justice and legal professions.

Staff have research experience in: prison drugs policy; young adults (18-25) in the criminal justice system, the criminal courts, sentencing other court decisions, the changing nature of probation practice and public protection; drugs market organisation; self-inflicted deaths in custody, drugs problem-solving courts, prison education and theories of alternatives to prison.

Projects

  • Prof Dhami is co-I on the JuDDGES project - Judicial Decision Data Gathering, Encoding and Sharing funded by EPSRC/CHIST-ERA (2024-2026). This project will develop an AI-based solution (tool) that can be used by researchers to examine unstructured textual data in court records and/or written legal judgments.
  • Jenni Ward  co-led (with Jake Phillips -Sheffield Hallam University) alongside academics from Middlesex (Karen Duke) and SHU a  process evaluation of the Newham ‘young adult’ (18-25-year olds) probation Hub funded by Ministry of Justice (2022- 2024). Final report published 2024.  https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66d830f5dbffedc7eb44d1c0/y2a-hub-process-evaluation.pdf The evaluation results are contributing to national level probation policy-making and practice on young adults.
  • Prof Goodman is leading The Mandeville Street and Surrounding Streets Project (MaSS) Violence Reduction Project funded by the Community Gangs Team (CGT) London Borough of Hackney (2024).
  • Prof. Duke is leading a study ‘Drug-related Deaths in Prisons in England and Wales’ examining the factors that contribute them and the policy and practice responses (June 2021-ongoing).
  • Prof. Goodman & David Porteous (2021) completed two evaluations in collaboration with Southwark Youth Justice Service funded by the Youth Justice Board. The first evaluated the prevention of weapon carrying by children in Southwark. The second evaluated the ‘Youth Ink, Peer Support Navigator Network Scheme’- a programme where children who have offended work as peer supporters and mentors to children involved with the Youth Justice Team. See Goodman, A. and Porteous, D. (2023) Final report on Youth Ink (peer navigator project with former young offenders as supporters) https://yjresourcehub.uk/wp-content/uploads/media/Youth_Ink_Interim_Evaluation_Child_First_Pathfinder_2022.pdf and Porteous, D. and Goodman, A. (2023), "“If I had had a me”: the benefits and challenges of involving children with lived experience in youth justice services", Safer Communities, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-10-2022-0043
  • Jenni Ward co-led (with Matt Cracknell) a study commissioned by ‘Prisoners Abroad’ through Comic Relief funding on the resettlement experiences of people imprisoned overseas and supported by ‘Prisoners Abroad’ on return (2021-22). The research published as  study report https://www.prisonersabroad.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1d6e80b9-b891-46c5-9b7f-e56e2609a467  was disseminated at a webinar in July 2022 attended by guests from across the criminal justice and charity sectors. See article in ‘Probation Quarterly’ https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/8q4zy
  • Jenni Ward was PI (with Natalie Gray) on an  ‘Evaluation of the Middlesex ‘Learning Together’ module in HM Wandsworth Prison’ in 2016 funded by the Centre for Academic Practice Enhancement (CAPE) Middlesex University. See final report (add file attached to the email please) and article in Journal of Prison Education and Reentry.  https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/87q88

Staff Profiles and Affiliate Members

Members of the Prisons Research Group include academics from a range of disciplines at Middlesex University, including members from the Criminology, Sociology and Law departments. Please click on individual links to see further staff information, including publications and research interests.

Dr Jenni Ward
Associate Professor in Criminology

Professor Philip Leach
Professor of Human Rights Law

Dr Karen Duke
Professor in Criminology

Professor Anthony Goodman
Professor in Criminology

Dr Lisa Marzano
Professor in Psychology

Professor Mandeep Dhami
Professor in Decision Psychology

Dr. Jeffrey DeMarco
Senior Lecturer in Psychology

Mr. James Kenworth
Senior Lecturer in Media Narrative

Postgraduate Research

PRG staff invite PhD and DProf. applications in the areas of:

  • Criminal sentencing and/or other court decisions
  • Young adults (18-25-year olds) in the criminal justice system
  • Adult and youth justice and probation practice
  • Drug-related harm in the criminal justice system, prison and probation policy
  • Suicide and self-harm in prison or upon release, with a focus on prisoners and/or staff
  • Prison education
  • Specialist courts and problem-solving justice
  • Specialised mental health, critical forensic and applied social psychology
  • International human rights law and practice
  • Comparative criminal justice, courts and prisons

See individual staff profiles for areas of doctoral research supervision and contact staff through email addresses.

Current Doctoral Students:

Suzanne Morch-Lassen Is conscious connected breathwork a viable intervention for young adults aged 18-25 in the criminal justice system to promote well-being and aid rehabilitation?

Priya Bagolin: Reforming Provisional Charges under the Criminal Justice System of Mauritius: A Comparative Analysis the UK's PACE

Vicki Cardwell: Combining Policy, Practice and Research on Young Adults aged 18-25 in the Criminal Justice System to Effect Social Change.

Awarded doctoral degrees:

Dr. Mallika Saraswat:  Abolitionist Restorative Justice in the UK: Theory and Practice.

Dr. Matt Cracknell: Practitioner and Service User Experiences of Short-term Imprisonment and Resettlement under the Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014.

Dr. Eric Beckford: An Exploration into What Works in Effectively Engaging Young Adult Offenders in Probation Supervision: Practitioners and Probationers Perspectives.

Dr. Ildiko Cseri: Is Your Accent Guilty: Is your accent guilty? The Experiences of Foreign Born Domestic Violence Victims within the English Criminal Justice System.

Dr. Di Li: Integrating Restorative Justice into the ICC’s Legal Framework  Possibility and Necessity.

Dr. Susan Hillyard: Are Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) an Effective Risk Management Tool for Young People with Learning Disabilities? Sponsorship though RESPOND UK national charity.

Knowledge Exchange and Teaching

The PRG is associated with the Middlesex MSc Criminology with Forensic Psychology taught Masters. Current and former students are invited to attend and present their research at PRG seminars.

The PRG was part of the ‘Learning Together’ Network bringing students from universities and prison together to learn alongside each other in styles of co-creation, knowledge exchange and debate. A Middlesex  partnership with HMP Wandsworth involved a 10 week criminology module delivered in collaboration with the prison education team (View the evaluation report - Transformative Learning through University).

Collaborations (Our partners)

‘Prisoners Abroad’ the charity supporting UK citizens imprisoned abroad and in resettlement following return is a partner of the PRG and have commissioned PRG research and disseminated findings.

The PRG was part of the ‘Learning Together’ network that brought university and prison students together in styles of co-created learning, knowledge exchange and debate. A partnership with HMP Wandsworth involved three cohorts studying the  ‘Critical Issues in Criminal Justice’ module on the MSc Criminology with Forensic Psychology programme. 

Events / Media

PRG seminars and events are held throughout the year and media coverage of research topics and activity.

Media

Podcasts
Karen Duke, Drug Science Podcast on drugs and prisons with Professor David Nutt and Professor Susanne MacGregor, June 2024 https://youtu.be/e89nPhmBd10?si=Vi1964fJguPzXkho

‘New ‘young adult first’ probation hub should be implemented across UK’ -Middlesex press release accompanying Ministry of Justice  publication of Newham young adult probation Hub final evaluation report September 2024   https://www.mdx.ac.uk/news/2024/9/probation-hub-report

‘Prisons are nearly at full capacity but what can be done?’ Interview by  ITV news online with Jenni Ward 7 July 2024 https://www.itv.com/news/2024-07-10/uk-prisons-are-nearly-at-full-capacity-but-what-can-be-done

‘MDX playwright screens prison reform film to inmates on International Women’s Day’- Middlesex press release of James Kenworth’s play ‘Angel of the Prisons’ is based on the life and work of Elizabeth Fry 7 March 2023 https://www.mdx.ac.uk/news/2023/3/playwright-screens-prison-reform-film-to-inmates/

Events
Prisoners Abroad & PRG online webinar (July 2022) ‘The Resettlement Experiences of People Supported by the Charity Prisoners Abroad’ launch of research report by Matt Cracknell & Jenni Ward with discussant Nick Hardwick Trustee of Prisoners Abroad. 2) in collaboration with Prisoners Abroad’.  https://www.prisonersabroad.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1d6e80b9-b891-46c5-9b7f-e56e2609a467

PGR online webinar (July 2021) ‘Prisoners Abroad and the Pandemic’ by Charlotte Flinterman (resettlement manager) & Emma Rowland (senior case worker from the prison and family support team) at ‘Prisoners Abroad’. 

The PRG holds roundtable seminars

Criminal Court Sentencing: Thinking about Reform’ 2020

Rory Steward at Prison Research Group event

The roundtable included topics on sentencing law and enduring severity, changes to probation and short sentenced prisoners under the ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ framework, Joint Enterprise prosecutions and the benefits of ‘problem-solving’ approaches in youth justice. Former prisons minister Rory Stewart gave the keynote speech.  

Blogpost from the roundtable ‘Crime, Prisons and Social Injustice’ by Dr. Anna Kotova https://annakotova5.wixsite.com/prisons

Speakers

  • Rory Stewart - Previous Prisons Minister & then London Mayoral Candidate
  • Nick Hardwick - Professor of Criminal Justice, Royal Holloway University
  • Nicola Padfield - Professor in Criminal & Penal Justice, University of Cambridge
  • Quentin Goodman - Northamptonshire Youth Offending Team
  • Matt Cracknell - Middlesex Criminology Lecturer, Middlesex University
  • Junior Smart (OBE) Founder SOS Project, St. Giles Trust

Changing Prisons in Challenging Times: Revisited’ 2017

Speakers discussed the prisons reform strategy in the 2016 Prison Safety and Reform White Paper, the Joint Committee on Human Rights inquiry into mental health and deaths in custody, problems with risk assessment and Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentences, the ‘Learning Together’ prisons/university education partnerships and closure of Holloway woman’s prison.

Speakers

  • Erwin James - author, Guardian Journalist &'Inside Times' editor
  • Nick Hardwick - then Chair of Parole Board
  • Phillip Leach - Specialist Adviser to inquiry on mental health & deaths in prison with Natalie Gray, Middlesex researcher
  • Amy Ludlow & Ruth Armstrong- Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University
  • Nick Pascoe - Executive Governor HMPs Coldingley & High Down
  • Rachel Seoighe - Middlesex Criminology Lecturer

Changing Prisons in Challenging Times 2015

This seminar discussed challenges within the prison system, impacts on prison officers, the role of rehabilitation in prison, findings from the independent panel on deaths in custody, human rights of people in prison and the needs of alcohol dependent people entering prison custody.

Speakers

  • Nick Hardwick - then HM Chief Inspector of Prisons
  • Erwin James - Guardian Journalist author of A Life Inside: A Prisoner’s Notebook and The Home Stretch: From Prison to Parole
  • Pamela Taylor - Chair in Psychiatry, Cardiff University
  • Anastasia Karamalidou - Middlesex Criminology Lecturer
  • Toby Harris - Chair of Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody
  • Kimmett Edgar - Head of Research Prison Reform Trust.

Listen to some of our previous talks on soundcloud.

Get in touch

The best way to contact the PRG is through the convenor Dr. Jenni Ward - [email protected]

Social media

The Twitter/X handle of the PRG is @mdx_prg

Outputs

2022 Co-Investigator (Jenni Ward) Evaluation of the Newham Young Adult Transitions Probation Hub pilot (with Jake Phillips Sheffield Hallam University) funded by Ministry of Justice, UK.

2021 Co-Investigators (Jenni Ward & Matt Cracknell) Resettlement Experiences of People Supported by the Charity ‘Prisoners Abroad’ (with Matt Cracknell) funded by Prisoners Abroad, UK.

Belton, I. and Dhami, M. 2024. The role of character-based personal mitigation in sentencing judgments. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12376  https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/9v794

Duke, K. and MacGregor, S. 2024. Responding to ‘wicked problems’: policy and governance on drug-related deaths in English and Welsh prisons, 2015-2021. International Journal of Drug Policy. 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104358 https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/zvy9w

Phillips, J., Ward, J., Albertson, K., Cracknell, M., Duke, K., Fowler, A. and Riley, L. 2024. Process evaluation of the Newham Y2A Hub: evaluating the implementation of a specialist youth to adulthood transitions service in probation. UK Ministry of Justice. https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/198q26

Ward, J. and Kawalek, A. 2024. The return of drugs courts: some important considerations International Journal of Drug Policy. 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104418 https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/11vwz8

 

Porteous, D. and Goodman, A. (2023), "“If I had had a me”: the benefits and challenges of involving children with lived experience in youth justice services", Safer Communities, 22, 3, 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-10-2022-0043

Belton, I. K., & Dhami, M. K. (in press) The Role of Character-based Personal Mitigation in Sentencing Judgements. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies.

Duke, K., Gleeson, H., MacGregor, S & Thom, B. (2023) The Risk Matrix: Drugā€related Deaths in Prisons in England and Wales, 2015–2020. Journal of Community Psychology.

Ward, J. and Cracknell, M. (2023) ‘Prisoners Abroad Resettlement Service: Housing Security and Lessons for Probation. Probation Quarterly, Issue 27, 21-25.

Goodman, A. and Porteous, D. (2022) An Evaluation of Youth Ink: Interim Report for Youth Justice Board. UK: Middlesex University. https://yjresourcehub.uk/wp-content/uploads/media/Youth_Ink_Interim_Evaluation_Child_First_Pathfinder_2022.pdf

Kolind, T. and Duke, K. (2022) Exploring the motivations and social organisation of intoxication in prison settings, In: Hunt, G., Antin, T. and Asmussen Frank, V., (eds) Routledge Handbook of Intoxicants and Intoxication. London: Routledge.

Thom, B. and Duke, K. (2022) Exchanging Prevention Practices on Polydrug Use among Youth in Criminal Justice Systems. In: Hantrais, L. (ed.) How to manage international multi-disciplinary research projects. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Dhami, M. K. & van den Brink, Y. A (2022) A multi-disciplinary and Comparative Approach to Evaluating Pre-trial Detention Decisions: Towards Evidence-based Reform. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 28, 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-022-09510-0

Duke, K. and Trebilcock, J. (2022) ‘Keeping a lid on it’: Exploring ‘problematisations’ of prescribed medication in prisons in the UK, International Journal of Drug Policy 100, 103515.

Duke, K., Gleeson, H., Dabrowska, K., Dich Herold, M., Ronaldo, S. & Thom, B. (2022) Building Cultures of Participation: Involving Young People in Contact with the Criminal Justice System in the Development of Drug Interventions in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy and Poland. Youth Justice 23, 1, 97-116.

Basak, C. & Leach, P. (2022) The Fate of Osman Kavala. Politico https://www.politico.eu/article/human-rights-the-fate-of-osman-kavala-matters-europen-court-echr-turkey/

Ruggiero, V. (2022) ‘Convicts, Crime and Evil’ in Ruggiero, V. (Ed.) Critical Criminology Today, London and New York: Routledge.

Ruggiero, V. (2022) ‘Crime, Punishment and Utopia’ in Ruggiero, V. (Ed.) Critical Criminology Today, London and New York: Routledge.

Ward, J. (2022) Contemporary Issues in Criminal Procedure, in E. Johnston (Ed.) Challenges in Criminal Justice. London: Routledge.

Ward, J. & Spence, R. (2022) Criminal Court Sentencing: The Case for Specialist Young Adult Courts. British Journal of Criminology, The British Journal of Criminology, 63, 4, 1041–1057 https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac076

Cracknell, M. and Ward, J. (2022) The Resettlement Experiences of People Supported by the Charity Prisoners Abroad. London: Prisoners Abroad.

Dhami, K. (2022) Sentencing Multiple- versus Single-offence Cases: Does More Crime mean less Punishment?British Journal of Criminology, 62, 1, 55-72.

Duke, K., Gleeson, H., Dabrowska, K., Herold, M., and Rolando, S. (2021) The engagement of young people in drug interventions in coercive contexts: findings from a cross-national European study, Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 28, 1, 26-35.

Goodman, A and Calestani, M. (2022) ‘Supporting Girls and Young Women Victims of Sexual Harassment in Schools: “Me and You and Everyone we Know.”  Safer Communities 21, 1, 1-18.

Rolando, S., Asmussen Frank,V., Beccaria, F., Duke, K., Graf, N., Kahlert, R., and Pisarska, A. (2021). “I like money, I like many things”. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems, Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 28, 1, 7-16.

Rolando, S., Beccaria, F. and Duke, K. (2021) Trajectories of drug involvement among young people in contact with criminal justice systems in six European countries. In: Chatwin, C., Potter, G., and Werse. B. (eds). Who? Variation and distinction in the European drugs landscape.  Pabst Publishers. pp. 127-145.

Moazen, B., Dolan, K., Moghaddam, S., Lotfizadeh, M., Duke, K., Neuhann, F., Stover, H. and Jahn, A. (2020) Availability, Accessibility and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union: A Multi-stage Scoping Review. Epidemiologic Reviews, 42 1, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxaa003

Duke, K., Thom, B. and Gleeson, H. (2020) ‘Framing ‘drug prevention’ for young people in touch with the criminal justice system: the views from practitioners and professionals working in the field in England’, Journal of Youth Studies, 23, 4, 511-529.

Liddar, A., MacNaboe, L. & DeMarco, J. N. (2020). Security in faith communities: Safety and protection. Report prepared for the Hate Crime Team, Home Office.

Dhami, Mandeep K., Weiss-Cohen, Leonardo and Ayton, Peter (2020) Are people experiencing the ‘pains of imprisonment’ during the Covid-19 lockdown? Frontiers in Psychology, section Personality and Social Psychology, 11 , 578430. ISSN 1664-1078 [Article] (doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578430)

Dhami, Mandeep K. , Goodman-Delahunty, Jane,  Martschuk, Natalie  , Cheung, Sang and Belton, Ian (2020) Disengaging and rehabilitating high-value detainees: a small scale qualitative study. Journal for Deradicalization  (22) . pp. 66-96. [Article]

Duke, Karen L. (2020) Producing the 'Problem' of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) in English prisons. International Journal of Drug Policy  , 80, 1-8.

Duke, Karen L. and Kolind, Torsten (2020) Framing and Reframing Drug ‘Problems’ in Prison spaces and populations. In: Risk and substance use: framing dangerous people and dangerous places. Eds. S. MacGregor, B. Thom Routledge Studies in the Sociology of Health and Illness. London: Routledge.

Moazen, Babak, Dolan, Kate , Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Lotfizadeh, Masoud , Duke, Karen L., Neuhann, Florian,  Stöver, Heino and Jahn, Albrecht (2020) Availability, Accessibility and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union: A Multi-stage Scoping Review. Epidemiologic Reviews. (Accepted/In press)

Guest, Carly and Seoighe, Rachel (2020) Familiarity and Strangeness: Seeing Everyday Practices of Punishment and Resistance in Holloway Prison. Punishment and Society, 22, 3, 353-375.

Powell, Claire, Ciclitira, Karen and Marzano, Lisa (2020)‘Overwhelmed and powerless’: Staff perspectives on mother-infant separations in English prisons.Journal of Criminal Psychology. ISSN 2009-3829 [Article] (Published online first) (doi:10.1108/JCP-04-2020-0017).

Gleeson, H., Duke, K. and Thom, B. (2019) Challenges to providing culturally sensitive drug interventions for Black and Asian minority ethnic (BAME) groups within the youth justice system in the UK, Drugs and Alcohol Today,19, 3, 172-81.

Gray, Natalie, Ward, Jennifer and Fogarty, Jenny (2019) Transformative learning through university and prison partnerships: reflections from ‘Learning Together’ pedagogical practice. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 6 (1) . pp. 7-24.

Ward, Jennifer (2019) Problem-solving Criminal Justice: Developments in England and Wales. Utrecht Law Review, 14, 3, 7-18.

Ruggiero, Vincenzo (2018)  No Prison: Old and New Challenges.  In: No Prison. M. Pavarini and L. Ferrai (Eds.) EG Press.